The Denyi
ལས་དང་བྱ་བ་སོ་སོར་འབྱེད་ཀྱང་། མིང་ཚིག་གང་རུང་གི་གཞི་གཅིག་ལ་སྦྱོར་བའི་ཚེ། བྱ་ལས་ངོ་བོ་ཐ་མི་དད་པར་བྱ་བ་གཅིག་ལ་སྦྱར་ནས་གོ་དགོས་པར་བརྟེན།
བྱ་ཡུལ་དེ་ཉིད་བྱ་བའི་རང་བཞིན་ཉིད་དུ་འགྲུབ་པར་སྟོན་པའི་རྐྱེན། དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་སྒྲའི་གོ་དོན།
Understood meaning: Despite the object and action being different, when affixing it to a single basis that is a noun, verb, or adjective it is necessarily understood as being applied to a single action (the action and object not being different) and therefore: It is a particle indicating that just that (དེ་ཉིད།) indirect object is established in the nature of the action.
In other words: The Denyi (“just that”) indicates that whatever the particle is marking is one nature with the action indicated by the verb; meaning it is a part of it or that one cannot exist without the other.
Specifically:
- If the object or indirect object in this context is a noun, then this case-particle is understood to mean to become or to establish སྐབས་འདིའི་ལས་སམ། བྱ་བའི་ཡུལ་དེ་མིང་རྐྱང་ཡིན་ན་རྣམ་དབྱེའི་རྐྱེན་དེ་འགྱུར་བའམ། འགྲུབ་པའི་དོན་དུ་གོ་རྒྱུ་དང་།
- If it is a verb or an adjective, then it is necessarily understood to illustrate a transformation or an adverb
ལས་ཚིག་གམ། ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཡིན་ན་རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཞིག་མཚོན་པའི་དོན་དུ་གོ་དགོས་པ།
Examples for nouns:
- A burning fire མེར་འབར།
- A twinkling light འོད་དུ་འཚེར།
- Apprehending the snow mountain as blue གངས་རི་སྔོན་པོར་འཛིན་པ།
- Knowing all sentient beings as our mothers སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་མར་ཤེས་པ།
- Some assert the mind as the illustration of the person ཁ་ཅིག་གིས་སེམས་གང་ཟག་གི་མཚན་གཞིར་འདོད་དོ།
Examples for verbs:
- To cause understanding of the mode of abiding གནས་ལུགས་ཤེས་པར་བྱེད།
- One's hopes will become fulfilled རེ་དོན་འགྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར།
- One's opinion should be explained བསམ་འཆར་བཤད་པར་བྱ།
Examples for adjectives:
- To clearly explain གསལ་བར་བཤད་པ།
- To newly realise གསར་དུ་རྟོགས་པ།
- To quickly go མྱུར་དུ་འགྲོ་བ།
In these last examples, it is fairly easy to see how these are one nature, since the adverb is describing how the verb is being done, i.e. clearly, newly, quickly. There is no adverb without a verb.
For the verb examples, they mainly act as auxiliary verbs or for tense emphasis.
However, it is more difficult to see how blue and apprehending, mothers and knowing, the illustration of the person and asserting, are one nature. On the one hand, the “blue” being described is part of the apprehension rather than a quality of the object (especially in this example where it is a non-existent), but they can also be interpreted adverbially (at a stretch): the mountain is apprehended blue-ly.
Instead, their being one nature and how the Denyi fits as a subdivision of the Second Case is better understood through the concept of directionality.
Up a level: The Second Case – Objective